Site Analysis in Architecture
Site analysis is one of the most crucial steps in the design process.
It’s where you get to know the site inside and out—its context, limitations, and opportunities.
Think of it as the foundation for your project; the better your analysis, the more informed your design decisions will be.
If you’re wondering what site analysis entails or how to approach it, this guide will help you understand its purpose, key considerations, and how to present your findings effectively.
What Is Site Analysis?
Site analysis is the preliminary phase of design where you study a site’s context.
This includes its location, environment, sun and wind paths, topography, and more.
While a detailed analysis is ideal, having a solid grasp of the basics tailored to your project is often enough to get started.
Why Visit the Site?
Research can tell you a lot, but nothing compares to experiencing the site firsthand.
A site visit lets you observe its unique characteristics—the way the sun feels at midday, the noise levels, or even the smell of the area.
These are details you won’t always capture through theoretical research or online maps.
What Is the Purpose of a Site Analysis?
The main goal of site analysis is to gather data that informs your design decisions.
Architecture is rarely a “one-size-fits-all” field. Each site has its own unique conditions, and your design should respond to those.
A good site analysis helps you:
Identify limitations like zoning laws, easements, and environmental restrictions.
Discover opportunities like scenic views, natural ventilation, or access to public transportation.
Maximize the site’s potential by designing in harmony with its context.
This is especially important for projects like residential homes, commercial spaces, or institutional buildings, where functionality and aesthetics must align with the site’s conditions.
What Should Be Included in a Site Analysis?
A comprehensive site analysis addresses both technical and experiential aspects of the site.
Below are some questions to guide your analysis:
Technical Data
Geographic Location: Where is the site located?
Site Boundaries: What are the exact limits of the property?
Legal Restrictions: Are there zoning laws or conservation areas nearby?
Infrastructure: Where are the utilities like water, electricity, and sewage connections?
Soil Type: What’s the composition of the soil? Does it affect construction?
Existing Conditions: Are there current structures, vegetation, or hazards on the site?
Environmental Factors
Sun and Wind Paths: How do sunlight and wind move across the site?
Topography: Are there slopes or elevation changes?
Flooding and Pollution: Is the area prone to flooding or other environmental issues?
Experiential Observations
Surrounding Context: What are the characteristics of neighboring buildings?
Views: Which views should be highlighted or concealed?
Noise Levels: Are there noisy areas to account for?
Access and Circulation: What are the possible routes for vehicles and pedestrians?
How to Conduct a Site Visit
During a site visit, take note of details you can’t easily find online, like:
Neighboring structures and their design styles.
Vegetation and existing landscaping.
Public transportation links and access points.
The feel of the site at different times of the day (morning versus evening, for example).
Don’t hesitate to ask locals about the area—sometimes the best insights come from people who live or work nearby.
How to Sketch a Site Analysis
There’s no “right” way to present a site analysis—it depends on your style and the project’s needs.
Here are a few approaches:
Hand Sketching: Overlay your observations on a printed map or create diagrams manually.
Digital Tools: Use software like Adobe Photoshop or PowerPoint to create clean and professional presentations.
Combination of Both: Start with hand sketches during your site visit, then refine them digitally later.
A great example of effective site analysis presentations can be found in videos by Ar. Eric Reinholdt on the 30x40 Design Workshop channel.
What Software Can You Use?
Digital tools can simplify the process of presenting your analysis.
Here are some options:
Mapping Tools: Online platforms like Project Noah (for the Philippines) or global tools for sun and wind path tracking can provide detailed maps.
Adobe Photoshop: Ideal for creating overlays and visually striking diagrams.
Microsoft PowerPoint: A straightforward option for compiling and presenting your findings.
iPad Sketching Apps: Any app that can help you sketch the details you’ve gathered
Final Thoughts
Site analysis lays the groundwork for meaningful and context-driven designs.
By understanding a site’s limitations and opportunities, you can create solutions that maximize its potential.
Whether you’re sketching by hand, presenting digitally, or combining the two, the goal is to highlight the critical data that will shape your project.
What’s your approach to site analysis? Share your tips and experiences in the comments below—I’d love to hear your insights!
